Plant cells are surrounded by an intricately structured protective coat called the cell wall. It’s built of cellulose microfibrils intertwined with polysaccharides like hemicellulose or pectin. We ...

Plant cell cultures are an attractive alternative to cultivating whole plants for obtaining natural compounds, but many biosynthetic genes remain inactive under standard culture conditions. Now, ...

Conventional plant regeneration approaches by cell culture require the external application of plant growth regulators, including hormones. However, optimizing culture conditions can be laborious. Now ...

Similar to humans, plants have an immune system to help defend against parasites and other deleterious infections. The human body is interconnected with cell-to-cell communication to orchestrate an ...